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N-Butylethanolamine
N-Butylethanolamine (NBEA, CAS 111-75-1) is a secondary alkanolamine with formula C₆H₁₅NO — butyl and hydroxyl groups on one nitrogen, giving moderate alkalinity and good hydrophilicity. A colorless

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N-Butyldiethanolamine
N-Butyl Diethanolamine (BDEA, CAS 102-79-4) is a tertiary alkanolamine with formula C₈H₁₉NO₂ — one butyl group and two hydroxyl groups on one nitrogen, combining alkalinity, hydrophilicity, and

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Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA)
Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA, CAS 108-01-0) is a tertiary alkanolamine with formula C₄H₁₁NO — a dimethylamino group and hydroxyl group on one molecule, giving strong alkalinity and full miscibility

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Diethylethanolamine (DEAE)
Diethylethanolamine (DEAE, CAS 100-37-8) is a sterically hindered tertiary alkanolamine with formula C₆H₁₅NO — two ethyl groups and a hydroxyl group on one nitrogen, enabling reversible CO₂ capture

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What is Alkanolamines

Alkanolamines are a broad class of organic chemical compounds that contain both an alcohol (hydroxyl) and an amine (nitrogen-containing) functional group attached to an alkane backbone. Because they contain both basic and reactive chemical groups, they are incredibly versatile.

Specification

Parameter	Specification	Typical CoA Result
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid	Clear colorless liquid
Assay (GC), wt%	≥ 99.0%	99.4 – 99.7%
Molecular Formula	C₆H₁₅NO	C₆H₁₅NO
Boiling Point	161 – 163 °C	162 °C
Density (20 °C), g/cm³	0.884 – 0.890 g/cm³	0.887 g/cm³
Water Content, wt%	≤ 0.2%	0.08 – 0.14%
Color (APHA / Hazen)	≤ 20	≤ 10
Flash Point (closed cup)	≥ 55 °C	58 °C
PH (10% aq., 25 °C)	10.5 – 11.5	11.0
Refractive Index (20 °C)	1.440 – 1.446	1.443
Amine Value	470 – 490 mg KOH/g	481 mg KOH/g
Residue on Ignition	≤ 0.01%	< 0.005%

Working principle of Alkanolamines

Absorption (The Capture Stage)
Chemical Reaction: The basic amine group (possessing a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen) reacts exothermically with acidic gases. For primary and secondary amines, this forms a carbamate.

Process: An aqueous alkanolamine solution trickles down an absorber column while the gas stream moves upward. The acid gases are "scrubbed" out of the gas stream and bound into the liquid solution as stable salts.

Hydrogen Bonding: The hydroxyl (\(OH\)) groups form weak hydrogen bonds with water and the trapped acid gas, stabilizing the molecule in solution.

Regeneration (The Release Stage)
Thermal Reversal: The "rich" amine solution (loaded with acid gas) is pumped into a separate stripping column and heated (typically to 100 circ textC – 120circ textC).

Reversing the Reaction: The elevated temperatures reverse the exothermic reaction, breaking the chemical bonds.

Recovery: The pure, concentrated acid gas is released at the top of the column, while the regenerated (lean) amine solution is cooled and recirculated back to the absorber.

Structure and Properties of Alkanolamines

The chemical structure of alkanolamines is ideally suitable for removing acidic gases such as carbon dioxide. The amine group provides the necessary alkalinity to allow reversible reaction with acidic gases, while the hydroxyl group makes the amine more soluble in water, thereby reducing its vapor pressure. These properties make alkanolamines have important applications in gas treatment, chemical absorption, and other fields.

Precautions of Alkanolamines

When using alkanolamines, attention should be paid to their potential safety and environmental concerns. Due to the volatility, corrosiveness, and toxicity of some alkyl alcohol amines, corresponding protective and environmental protection measures need to be taken during use to ensure personnel safety and environmental protection.

In summary, alkanolamines are a class of organic compounds with broad application prospects, playing an important role in gas treatment, cement grinding aids, chemical industry, and other fields. With the deepening of research and the advancement of technology, the application fields of alkanolamines will continue to expand and improve.

Application Fields of Alkanolamines

Gas treatment

Alkanolamines are often used as absorbents to absorb acidic gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. from industrial waste gases. These compounds play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality.

Cement grinding aids

Alkanolamines such as triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), as chemical grinding aids for cement, can not only improve the grinding effect of cement, but also effectively affect the hydration process of cement and promote the early strength development of cement.

Chemical industry

Alkanolamines are also widely used in the synthesis of chemicals such as surfactants, lubricants, preservatives, dyes, and drugs.

FAQ

Q: What are the uses of alkanolamines?

A: Alkanolamine's bifunctionality and physicochemical characteristics lead to its use in many applications, such as textiles, cosmetics, agricultural chemical intermediates, drugs, and metal working fluids. Alkanolamines are present in many approved drugs and thousands of natural products.

Q: What is an alkanolamine?

A: Alkanolamines are compounds containing both hydroxyl- and amino- functional groups on an alkane backbone. Characteristics of these amine solvents are summarised in Table 1. Primary and secondary amines chemically react with acidic gases such as CO2 and H2S in aqueous solution by forming a carbamate.

Q: Is alkanol the same as alcohol?

A: Alkanols are a class of alcohols characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups, with ethanol being a notable example used as a penetration enhancer for percutaneous absorption due to its semipolarity and miscibility with water and organic solvents.

Q: What are the three types of alkanols?

A: There are three types of alkanols; primary, secondary and tertiary alkanols.

Q: Why are alkanols better bases than water?

A: As bases, alkanols (ROH) are slightly stronger than water, because of the electron-donating effect of the alkyl groups (phenols are less basic and more acidic because of the electron-withdrawing effect of the benzene ring).

Q: What is another name for an alkanol?

A: Alkanols, commonly called alcohols, are organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups (–OH) bonded to saturated carbon atoms (sp³-hybridized). Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry — found in everything from beverages to antiseptics to fuels.

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