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Since its establishment in 2010, Sinolook has been deeply involved in the energy and chemical sectors and has become one of the leading base oil and petrochemical traders in China and Asia. In the niche field of fine chemicals, we have a deep understanding of the characteristics and application scenarios of each type of product.
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![Sulfolane]()
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![Hexamethyldisilazane]()
HexamethyldisilazaneHexamethyldisilazane (HMDS, hexa methyl disilazane, CAS 999-97-3) is a colorless, volatile organosilicon compound — formula C₆H₁₉NSi₂, structure (CH₃)₃Si–NH–Si(CH₃)₃. Available in Industrial -
![Potassium Hydroxide Liquid]()
Potassium Hydroxide LiquidPotassium hydroxide (KOH, caustic potash, CAS 1310-58-3) is a white, hygroscopic strong inorganic base available as flakes, pellets, powder, and liquid solution (45–50%). Highly soluble in water, -
![Propionic Anhydride]()
Propionic AnhydridePropionic anhydride (propanoic anhydride, CAS 123-62-6) is a colorless, pungent liquid acylating agent with the molecular formula (CH₃CH₂CO)₂O. It reacts efficiently with hydroxyl, amino, and -
![1,2-Diaminocyclohexane]()
1,2-Diaminocyclohexane1,2-Diaminocyclohexane (DACH, CAS 1121-22-8) is a colorless liquid cycloaliphatic diamine with the formula C₆H₁₄N₂, available as trans-racemic, (1R,2R)-, and (1S,2S)-enantiopure grades. The chiral -
![Propanoyl Chloride]()
Propanoyl ChloridePropanoyl chloride (IUPAC name; common name: propionyl chloride, CAS 79-03-8) is a colorless, highly volatile acyl chloride with the structural formula CH₃CH₂COCl and molecular formula C₃H₅ClO. Its
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What is Propanoyl Chloride
Propanoyl chloride (also known as propionyl chloride) is a reactive, corrosive acyl chloride derivative of propionic acid with the chemical formula CH3 CH2 COCl. It is primarily used as a highly reactive intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and organic peroxides.
What is Hexamethyldisilazane
Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) is an organosilicon compound and ammonia derivative. It is a colorless, flammable liquid widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, organic synthesis, and the pharmaceutical industry due to its unique ability to bond with various surfaces and act as a protecting agent.
Specification
|
Specification |
Industrial Grade Agrochemical / Fine Chemical |
Pharmaceutical Grade API Synthesis / GMP |
Reagent Grade Lab / R&D |
|
Purity (GC) |
≥ 99.0% |
≥ 99.5% |
≥ 98.0% |
|
Boiling Point (bp) |
77–80 °C (1013 hPa) |
78–79 °C (1013 hPa) |
77–79 °C (1013 hPa) |
|
Flash Point |
6 °C (dangerously flammable) |
6 °C |
6–11 °C |
|
Specific Gravity (20 °C) |
1.060–1.065 g/cm³ |
1.062–1.064 g/cm³ |
1.060 ± 0.005 g/cm³ |
|
Refractive Index (20 °C) |
1.402–1.405 |
1.403–1.404 |
1.4020–1.4050 |
|
Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
≤ 0.02% |
≤ 0.01% |
≤ 0.01% |
|
Heavy Metals / Free Acid |
- |
Heavy metals ≤ 0.001% |
Free acid ≤ 0.1% |
|
Storage Stability |
2 months (sealed, <30°C) |
3 months (N₂-sealed, dark) |
6 months (sealed, cool) |
|
Packaging |
200 kg PTFE-lined drum |
20 L HDPE drum |
100 mL / 500 mL glass bottle |
|
Specification |
Industrial Grade Surface Treatment / Fillers |
Pharmaceutical Grade Drug Synthesis (GMP) |
Electronic Grade Semiconductor Lithography |
|
Purity (GC) |
≥ 98.0% |
≥ 99.5% |
≥ 99.999% (5N) |
|
Water Content |
≤ 0.1% |
≤ 0.02% |
≤ 0.005% (≤ 50 ppm) |
|
Color (Pt-Co) |
≤ 30 |
≤ 10 |
≤ 5 |
|
Boiling Point |
125–127 °C |
126.0–126.5 °C |
126.2 ± 0.2 °C |
|
Flash Point |
17 °C (closed cup) |
17 °C (closed cup) |
17 °C (closed cup) |
|
Metal Impurities |
Not specified |
Single ion ≤ 10 ppm |
Single ion ≤ 1 ppb |
|
Shelf Life |
6 months (N₂-sealed) |
12 months (N₂-sealed, dark) |
18 months (ultra-clean N₂-sealed) |
|
Packaging |
180 kg steel drum |
20L HDPE drum |
10L quartz-lined drum |
Irreversible Reactions: Because chloride is a very weak base, the acylation reaction is essentially irreversible. This prevents the reverse reaction, ensuring much higher overall product yields.
No Catalyst Required: Unlike carboxylic acids which require an acid catalyst to proceed, propanoyl chloride is reactive enough to bypass this step entirely, simplifying both the reaction mechanism and the subsequent purification of the product.
Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Synthesis: Its rapid propionylation capability makes it an essential intermediate in the manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and crop protection products, such as the synthesis of anti-epileptic drugs, antibiotics, and specific herbicides.
Advantages of Hexamethyldisilazane
Effective Silylation & Protection: It acts as an excellent silylating agent for derivatizing active hydrogen compounds (acids, alcohols, amines, and phenols). In pharmaceutical manufacturing, it serves as a robust protecting agent during complex organic syntheses.
Cost & Time Efficiency: HMDS is a highly cost-effective silanizing agent compared to alternatives like BSTFA or MSTFA. In electron microscopy, it serves as an excellent substitute for critical point drying (CPD), reducing specimen preparation times by an entire day by avoiding specialized, expensive pressure equipment.
Enhanced Composite Materials: As a silane coupling agent, HMDS bridges the gap between organic resins and inorganic fillers. It improves the dispersibility of materials like fumed silica, thereby enhancing the tensile strength, flexibility, and transparency of end products like silicone rubber.
Precautions for the operation of propionyl chloride
Provide adequate local ventilation for the airtight operation. The operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating rules. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter type respirators (full-facial mask), rubberized fabric toxicity-protection clothing, and oil-resistant rubber gloves. Keep away from fires and heat sources. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Avoid producing smoke. Prevent the release of smoke and steam into the air in the workplace. Avoid contacting with oxidants, alcohols, and alkaline. In particular, avoid propionyl chloride contact with water. Handle with care to prevent damage to the packing and container. The workplace should be equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may retain harmful substances.
Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) is a flammable organosilicon compound with the appearance of a colourless liquid and a relatively low minimum ignition energy (MIE) of<0.1 mJ. HMDS is used to treat the surface of silicon wafers in photolithography processes (silane coupling agent).HMDS reacts with metal and ceramic surfaces (silane coupling reaction), forming on the surface hydrophilic trimethylsilanol (TMSiOH). This makes it easier to apply photoresist to the surface of silicon wafers. HMDS is also used in gas chromatography mass spectrometry applications and in nanosilicon film research.
Preparation of Propanoyl Chloride
Propionyl chloride can be prepared by reaction of propionic acid with phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, sulfoxide chloride or phosgene.
Put propionic acid and phosphorus trichloride into the reaction pot, add a number of magnetic chips, and reflux reaction at 50℃ for 6h. Stand for 1-2H, divide the lower phosphite, that is, propionyl chloride. Under the condition of 1.32:1 propionic acid: PCl3, the yield was 95%. When the crude product needs to be purified, the distillation method can be used to collect the fraction at about 80℃ to obtain the finished product. Raw material consumption quota: propionic acid (99.5%) 990kg/t, phosphorus trichloride (98%) 690kg/t.
Benzoyl chloride method by propionic acid and benzoyl chloride action.
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propanoic anhydride, sulfolane solubility, hexa methyl disilazane
